Track chains to construction machinery

Types of crawler tracks

Closed and Lubricated Chains (SALT) – These chains are lubricated with oil to reduce friction between the pins and bushings, which extends their lifespan. They are particularly useful in machines operating under heavy conditions, such as bulldozers and excavators. Lubrication ensures the reduction of wear on internal components, which decreases the need for frequent repairs and extends the operational period.

Sealed chains - They are equipped with special polyurethane seals that prevent contaminants from entering the internal mechanisms of the chain, which also reduces wear. This type of chain is particularly recommended for excavators operating in areas with high dust or muddy conditions.

Heavy chains – In industrial and mining applications, where machines must operate under heavy load, reinforced chains with greater strength are used. These chains have reinforced pins and bushings that are more resistant to impacts and wear.

Maintenance and replacement

Regular inspection and maintenance of track chains are key to their longevity. It's important to monitor the wear of individual components, such as pins, bushings, and links. Misalignment, which refers to improper alignment of the chains, can lead to accelerated wear and damage to the entire drive system. In such cases, it is necessary to perform adjustments according to the manufacturer's recommendations to ensure even wear of the components.

The replacement of track chains should be carried out in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations for the machine. In cases where excessive wear, cracks, or looseness are observed, the chains should be replaced immediately. This process involves lifting the machine, releasing the chain tension, and then disconnecting the links using specialized tools such as a chain press.

Types of construction machinery

Crawler tracks are used in a wide range of construction machinery, and their type and design depend on the type of machine and working conditions. For example, crawler excavators use tracks with a smaller pitch of links, which provide stability and precision when working on uneven terrain. Bulldozers, especially those used in mining and on large construction sites, require heavier, more durable tracks that are resistant to heavy loads and abrasion. Crawler carriers, cranes, and other specialized machines, such as crawler crushers, also use dedicated tracks that vary in specification depending on operational requirements, such as working in mud, sand, or on rocky surfaces. In the case of smaller machines, such as mini excavators, lighter and more flexible tracks are used, optimized for maneuverability and long-term use.

Examples of construction machinery

• Crawler excavators – such as the Caterpillar 336 or Komatsu PC210. These machines are equipped with high-strength crawler tracks, which allow for efficient work in difficult terrain, including on construction sites, in quarries, and during earthworks.
• Bulldozers – examples include the Caterpillar D8T and Komatsu D65. Bulldozers require heavy, durable chains that are resistant to intense abrasion and the loads resulting from moving large masses of earth and materials.
• Mini excavators like the Kubota U17 and Caterpillar 305E use lighter track chains that provide flexibility and maneuverability when working in confined spaces, such as urban construction sites.
• Articulated tracked dump trucks – such as the Volvo A60H or Komatsu HM400. These machines require robust chains to ensure stability while transporting materials over difficult, muddy, or rocky terrain.
• Caterpillar cranes – for example, the Liebherr LR 1300. In cranes of this type, the caterpillar tracks must maintain stability and balance while lifting heavy loads, which requires exceptional durability and resistance to wear.
• Crawler crushers, such as the Sandvik QJ341 or Metso Lokotrack LT106, require strong crawler tracks to move over difficult terrain in mines and quarries while simultaneously crushing rocks and other materials.

These examples demonstrate how different types of construction machinery require appropriate types of track chains, tailored to specific working conditions.

The impact of technology on the longevity of chains

Modern technologies, such as BPR™ (Berco Positive Pin Retention™), introduce mechanical locking of the pin in the link, which prevents issues like "pin walking" (pin displacement). Additionally, many chains are available in versions adapted for operation in extreme temperatures – from -45°C to 50°C – allowing their use in various climatic conditions.

How to choose the right track chains?

The choice of appropriate track chains depends on several key factors:

• Machine type: Each construction machine, such as an excavator or bulldozer, requires a specific type of chain suited to its design and purpose.
• Working conditions: Muddy sludge, rocky ground, or sand require different types of chains that are resistant to specific types of loads and wear.
• Usage intensity: Machines operating in continuous mode should be equipped with chains with increased durability and resistance to wear.
• Budget and operating costs: It is worth choosing chains that offer the best value for money, taking into account their durability and maintenance costs.

The manufacturer of these high-quality chains is ITR, a recognized leader in the construction machinery spare parts industry.

The most common problems with track chains and how to avoid them

Track chains can sustain various damages during operation. Here are the most common problems and ways to prevent them:

• Excessive wear of pins and bushings:
• Regularly lubricate the chains (if they are not closed SALT models).
• Check the chain tension according to the manufacturer's recommendations.
• Cracking of cells:
• Avoid overloading the machine.
• Use appropriate chain models for heavy-duty applications.
• "Pin walking"
• Choose models with pin locking technology, such as BPR™.
• Corrosion and damage caused by pollutants:
• Regularly clean the chains after working in mud or sand.
• Choose sealed models that protect the interior of the mechanism from contaminants.

The advantages of using high-quality track chains

Investment in high-quality components brings many benefits:

• Longer lifespan: Durable materials and advanced technologies increase the longevity of chains.
• Cost savings: Lower risk of failure means lower repair and downtime costs.
• Better machine performance: Properly selected chains improve the mobility and stability of the machine in difficult terrain.
• Work safety: Solid components reduce the risk of failure during intensive use.

Tips for Maintenance in Extreme Conditions

Working in extreme conditions requires special attention to the technical condition of chains.

• Low temperatures (-45°C):
• Use special freeze-resistant lubricants.
• Choose models adapted for operation in low temperatures.
• High temperatures (up to +50°C):.

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  Frequently Asked Questions

  How often should the technical condition of track chains be checked?

  The technical condition should be checked at least once a week or more frequently in the case of intensive use.

  Can I replace the track chains myself?

  The replacement requires specialized tools, such as a cell press. It is recommended to seek assistance from a qualified technician.

  How to recognize the moment when the chain needs to be replaced?

  The chain should be replaced when you notice excessive wear of the links, cracks, or tension issues.